Spanish Parota
Brazilian Canary
Spanish Parota
Common Name(s): Guanacaste, Parota
Scientific Name: Enterolobium cyclocarpum
Distribution: Primarily Central America, as well as Mexico and northern South America
Tree Size: 65-100 ft (20-30 m) tall, 5-8 ft (1.5-2.5 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 27 lbs/ft3 (440 kg/m3)
Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): .34, .44
Janka Hardness: 970 lbf (2,100 N)
Modulus of Rupture: 8,640 lbf/in2 (59.6 MPa)
Elastic Modulus: 1,226,000 lbf/in2 (8.46 GPa)
Crushing Strength: 5,390 lbf/in2 (37.2 MPa)
Shrinkage: Radial: 2.2%, Tangential: 4.9%, Volumetric: 7.1%, T/R Ratio: 2.2
Monkeypod
Brazilian Canary
Spanish Parota
Common Name(s): Monkeypod, Monkey Pod, Raintree
Scientific Name: Albizia saman
(syn. Samanea saman, Pithecellobium saman)
Distribution: Central and South America
(Also planted/naturalized in many tropical regions of the world)
Tree Size: 100-125 ft (30-38 m) tall, 3-4 ft (1-1.2 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 38 lbs/ft3 (600 kg/m3)
Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): .48, .60
Janka Hardness: 900 lbf (4,010 N)
Modulus of Rupture: 9,530 lbf/in2 (65.7 MPa)
Elastic Modulus: 1,149,000 lbf/in2 (7.92 GPa)
Crushing Strength: 5,790 lbf/in2 (39.9 MPa)
Shrinkage: Radial: 2.0%, Tangential: 3.4%, Volumetric: 6.0%, T/R Ratio: 1.7
Brazilian Canary
Brazilian Canary
Brazilian Canary
Common Name(s): Canarywood, Canary
Scientific Name: Centrolobium spp.
Distribution: South America (from Panama down to southern Brazil)
Tree Size: 65-100 ft (20-30 m) tall, 2-3 ft (.6-1.0 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 52 lbs/ft3 (830 kg/m3)
Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): .65, .83
Janka Hardness: 1,520 lbf (6,750 N)
Modulus of Rupture: 19,080 lbf/in2 (131.6 MPa)
Elastic Modulus: 2,164,000 lbf/in2 (14.93 GPa)
Crushing Strength: 9,750 lbf/in2 (67.2 MPa)
Shrinkage: Radial: 2.4%, Tangential: 5.6%, Volumetric: 8.4%, T/R Ratio: 2.3
Cocobolo
Tulipwood
Brazilian Canary
Common Name(s): Cocobolo (many variant spellings, such as cocabola or cocobola)
Scientific Name: Dalbergia retusa
Distribution: Central America
Tree Size: 45-60 ft (14-18 m) tall,
1.5-2 ft (50-60 cm) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 68.5 lbs/ft3 (1,095 kg/m3)
Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.89, 1.1
Janka Hardness: 2,960 lbf (14,140 N)
Modulus of Rupture: 22,910 lbf/in2 (158 MPa)*
Elastic Modulus: 2,712,000 lbf/in2 (18.7 GPa)*
Crushing Strength: 11,790 lbf/in2 (81.3 MPa)*
*values from tentative strength group assessment per South American Timbers
Shrinkage: Radial: 2.7%, Tangential: 4.3%,
Volumetric: 7%, T/R Ratio: 1.6
Rosewood
Tulipwood
Tulipwood
Honduran rosewood (Dalbergia stevensonii)
Common Name(s): Honduran rosewood, Honduras rosewood
Scientific Name: Dalbergia stevensonii
Distribution: Very limited range primarily within Belize (British Honduras),as well as popoultions in
Tree Size: 50-100 ft (15-30 m) tall,
2-3 ft (.6-1 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 64.0 lbs/ft3 (1,025 kg/m3)
Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.82, 1.03
Janka Hardness: 2,200 lbf (9,790 N)
Modulus of Rupture: No data available
Elastic Modulus: 3,190,000 lbf/in2 (22 GPa)
Crushing Strength: No data available
Shrinkage: No data available, but it is reported to have very low shrinkage rates consistent with most rosewoods.
Tulipwood
Tulipwood
Tulipwood
Common Name(s): Tulipwood
Scientific Name: Dalbergia decipularis (also Dalbergia frutescens)
Distribution: Northeastern Brazil
Tree Size: 20-30 ft (6-9 m) tall, less than 1 ft (.3 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 60 lbs/ft3 (970 kg/m3)
Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): .88, .97
Janka Hardness: 2,500 lbf (11,120 N)
Modulus of Rupture: No data available
Elastic Modulus: No data available
Crushing Strength: No data available
Shrinkage: Reported to be stable in use, with shrinkage rates likely similar to other rosewoods.
Black Walnut
English Walnut
English Walnut
Common Name(s): Black Walnut
Scientific Name: Juglans nigra
Distribution: Eastern United States
Tree Size: 100-120 ft (30-37 m) tall, 2-3 ft (.6-1 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 38 lbs/ft3 (610 kg/m3)
Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): .51, .61
Janka Hardness: 1,010 lbf (4,490 N)
Modulus of Rupture: 14,600 lbf/in2 (100.7 MPa)
Elastic Modulus: 1,680,000 lbf/in2 (11.59 GPa)
Crushing Strength: 7,580 lbf/in2 (52.3 MPa)
Shrinkage: Radial: 5.5%, Tangential: 7.8%, Volumetric: 12.8%, T/R Ratio: 1.4
English Walnut
English Walnut
English Walnut
Common Name(s): English Walnut, Circassian Walnut,
European Walnut, French Walnut, Common Walnut
Scientific Name: Juglans regia
Distribution: Eastern Europe and western Asia
Tree Size: 80-115 ft (24-35 m) tall, 5-6 ft (1.5-2.0 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 40 lbs/ft3 (640 kg/m3)
Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): .52, .64
Janka Hardness: 1,220 lbf (5,410 N)
Modulus of Rupture: 16,160 lbf/in2 (111.5 MPa)
Elastic Modulus: 1,568,000 lbf/in2 (10.81 GPa)
Crushing Strength: 7,280 lbf/in2 (50.2 MPa)
Shrinkage: Radial: 5.5%, Tangential: 7.5%, Volumetric: 13.0%, T/R Ratio: 1.4
White Oak
English Walnut
White Oak
Common Name(s): White oak
Scientific Name: Quercus alba
Distribution: Eastern United States
Tree Size: 65-85 ft (20-25 m) tall,
3-4 ft (1-1.2 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 47.0 lbs/ft3 (755 kg/m3)
Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.6, 0.75
Janka Hardness: 1,350 lbf (5,990 N)
Modulus of Rupture: 14,830 lbf/in2 (102.3 MPa)
Elastic Modulus: 1,762,000 lbf/in2 (12.15 GPa)
Crushing Strength: 7,370 lbf/in2 (50.8 MPa)
Shrinkage: Radial: 5.6%, Tangential: 10.5%,
Volumetric: 16.3%, T/R Ratio: 1.9
Red Oak
American Ash
White Oak
Common Name(s): Red oak
Scientific Name: Quercus rubra
Distribution: Northeastern United States and Southeastern Canada
Tree Size: 80-115 ft (25-35 m) tall,
3-6 ft (1-2 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 43.8 lbs/ft3 (700 kg/m3)
Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.56, 0.7
Janka Hardness: 1,220 lbf (5,430 N)
Modulus of Rupture: 14,380 lbf/in2 (99.2 MPa)
Elastic Modulus: 1,761,000 lbf/in2 (12.14 GPa)
Crushing Strength: 6,780 lbf/in2 (46.8 MPa)
Shrinkage: Radial: 4%, Tangential: 8.6%,
Volumetric: 13.7%, T/R Ratio: 2.2
American Ash
American Ash
American Ash
Common Name(s): White Ash, American White Ash
Scientific Name: Fraxinus americana
Distribution: Eastern North America
Tree Size: 65-100 ft (20-30 m) tall, 2-5 ft (.6-1.5 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 42 lbs/ft3 (675 kg/m3)
Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): .55, .67
Janka Hardness: 1,320 lbf (5,870 N)
Modulus of Rupture: 15,000 lbf/in2 (103.5 MPa)
Elastic Modulus: 1,740,000 lbf/in2 (12.00 GPa)
Crushing Strength: 7,410 lbf/in2 (51.1 MPa)
Shrinkage: Radial: 4.9%, Tangential: 7.8%, Volumetric: 13.3%, T/R Ratio: 1.6
Hard Maple
American Ash
American Ash
Common Name(s): Hard maple, sugar maple, rock maple
Scientific Name: Acer saccharum
Distribution: Northeastern North America
Tree Size: 80-115 ft (25-35 m) tall,
2-3 ft (.6-1.0 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 44.0 lbs/ft3 (705 kg/m3)
Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): .56, .71
Janka Hardness: 1,450 lbf (6,450 N)
Modulus of Rupture: 15,800 lbf/in2(109.0 MPa)
Elastic Modulus: 1,830,000 lbf/in2(12.62 GPa)
Crushing Strength: 7,830 lbf/in2 (54.0 MPa)
Shrinkage: Radial: 4.8%, Tangential: 9.9%,
Volumetric: 14.7%, T/R Ratio: 1.9
Douglas Fir
Southern Yellow Pine
Southern Yellow Pine
Common Name(s): Douglas-Fir
Scientific Name: Pseudotsuga menziesii
Distribution: Western North America
Tree Size: 200-250 ft (60-75 m) tall, 5-6 ft (1.5-2 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 32 lbs/ft3 (510 kg/m3)
Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): .45, .51
Janka Hardness: 620 lbf (2,760 N)
Modulus of Rupture: 12,500 lbf/in2 (86.2 MPa)
Elastic Modulus: 1,765,000 lbf/in2 (12.17 GPa)
Crushing Strength: 6,950 lbf/in2 (47.9 MPa)
Shrinkage: Radial: 4.5%, Tangential: 7.3%, Volumetric: 11.6%, T/R Ratio: 1.6
Southern Yellow Pine
Southern Yellow Pine
Southern Yellow Pine
Common Name(s): Longleaf Pine
Scientific Name: Pinus palustris
Distribution: Southeastern United States, though also widely grown on plantations
Tree Size: 100-115 ft (30-35 m) tall, 2-3 ft (.6-1 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 41 lbs/ft3 (650 kg/m3)
Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): .54, .65
Janka Hardness: 870 lbf (4,120 N)
Modulus of Rupture: 14,500 lbf/in2 (100.0 MPa)
Elastic Modulus: 1,980,000 lbf/in2 (13.70 GPa)
Crushing Strength: 8,470 lbf/in2 (58.4 MPa)
Shrinkage:Radial: 5.1%, Tangential: 7.5%, Volumetric: 12.2%, T/R Ratio: 1.5
Spanish Cedar
Southern Yellow Pine
African Mahogany
Common Name(s): Spanish Cedar, Cedro
Scientific Name: Cedrela odorata
Distribution: Native to Central and South America and the Caribbean;
also grown on plantations
Tree Size: 65-100 ft (20-30 m) tall, 3-5 ft (1-1.5 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 29 lbs/ft3 (470 kg/m3)
Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): .38, .47
Janka Hardness: 600 lbf (2,670 N)
Modulus of Rupture: 10,260 lbf/in2 (70.8 MPa)
Elastic Modulus: 1,323,000 lbf/in2 (9.12 GPa)
Crushing Strength: 5,860 lbf/in2 (40.4 MPa)
Shrinkage: Radial: 4.1%, Tangential: 6.2%, Volumetric: 10.2%, T/R Ratio: 1.5
African Mahogany
African Mahogany
African Mahogany
Common Name(s): African mahogany, khaya, acajou d’Afrique
Scientific Name: Khaya spp., (primarily A. anthotheca and A. ivorensis; see notes below)
Distribution: Tropical Africa
Tree Size: 100-200 ft (30-60 m) tall,
3-6 ft (1-1.8 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 33.9 lbs/ft3 (545 kg/m3)
Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.46, 0.54
Janka Hardness: 850 lbf (3,800 N)
Modulus of Rupture: 11,730 lbf/in2 (80.9 MPa)
Elastic Modulus: 1,410,000 lbf/in2 (9.72 GPa)
Crushing Strength: 6,570 lbf/in2 (45.3 MPa)
Shrinkage: Radial: 3.4%, Tangential: 5.7%,
Volumetric: 9.3%, T/R Ratio: 1.7
Black Cherry
African Mahogany
Black Cherry
Common Name(s): Black cherry, American cherry
Scientific Name: Prunus serotina
Distribution: Eastern North America
Tree Size: 50-100 ft (15-30 m) tall,
3-5 ft (.3-.6 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 35.0 lbs/ft3 (560 kg/m3)
Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.47, 0.56
Janka Hardness: 950 lbf (4,230 N)
Modulus of Rupture: 12,300 lbf/in2 (84.8 MPa)
Elastic Modulus: 1,490,000 lbf/in2 (10.3 GPa)
Crushing Strength: 7,110 lbf/in2 (49 MPa)
Shrinkage: Radial: 3.7%, Tangential: 7.1%,
Volumetric: 11.5%, T/R Ratio: 1.9
Apricot
African Mahogany
Black Cherry
Common Name(s): Apricot
Scientific Name: Prunus armeniaca
Distribution: Native to eastern Europe and Asia; planted worldwide
Tree Size: 20-40 ft (6-12 m) tall, 1-1.5 ft (.3-.4 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 46 lbs/ft3 (745 kg/m3)
Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): .58, .74
Janka Hardness: 1,390 lbf (6,200 N)*
*Estimated hardness based on specific gravity
Modulus of Rupture: No data available
Elastic Modulus: No data available
Crushing Strength: No data available
Shrinkage: No data available